Cervical cerclages are associated with improved live birth rates and have low short- and long-term risks. However, there have been reports of fistula formation or erosion of cerclage into the surrounding tissue. Those complications are uncommon and yet are serious. The risk factors associated with its development are still unclear. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the incidence of fistula formation or erosion following transvaginal cervical cerclage and the associated clinical and sociodemographic factors. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases to retrieve articles related to transvaginal or transabdominal cervical cerclage. Databases were searched up to July 2021. The study protocol was registered (PROSPERO ID 243542). A total of 82 articles were identified describing cervical cerclage and erosion or fistula formation. A total of 9 full-text articles were included. There were seven case reports and series that described 11 patients who experienced late complications following cervical cerclage. Many of the cerclage procedures were done electively (66.7%). The most common type of cerclage was McDonald (80%). While all cases reported fistula formation, the main location was vesicovaginal fistulas (63.6%). One patient (9.1%) had erosion of their cerclage and another (9.1%) had bladder calculi. Of 75 patients who underwent cerclage in two retrospective case reviews, the overall incidence of fistula was 1.3% and abscess was also 1.3%. Although rare, the most common long-term complication of cervical cerclage placement is fistula formation, particularly vesicovaginal fistulas.

Objectives: Apical prolapse involves the upper vagina or vaginal vault after hysterectomy. Treatment is indicated for symptomatic women, and surgical approach is considered for women who failed or refused conservative therapy. We performed 10 pickups of autologous fascia, used for robotic sacrocolpopexy (RSCP). Materials and Methods: We included patients between 60 and 80 years old who showed a Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-q) over the second stage and with symptoms related to prolapse. Results: All of them underwent autologous fascia lata (AFL) pickup from the right leg and after to RSCP. One patient underwent also posterior colporrhaphy. The mean intraoperative time was 199.2 min (183–230 min). No intra-operatory complications were reported. POP-q assessment during follow-up showed improvements: C point gained on average 7.6 points (5–8) and mean values went from −0.6 to − 8.2 cm (−7 to −9 cm). The three women who had anterior compartment defects shows good anatomical reconstitution with a mean Aa and Ba value of − 2.83 cm (−2.5 to −3 cm) and gained 4 points (average gain: 3.5–4.5 cm). Total vaginal lenght (TVL). Conclusion: According to these data, in our experience, AFL employment showed a good anatomical result from the first to last follow-up.

Objectives: Uterine fibroids and adenomyosis are common gynecological conditions that often require surgical treatment. Minimally invasive interventions such as ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (USgHIFU) are gaining popularity as they avoid surgical morbidity and conserve the uterus. We present a single-center experience on the use of USgHIFU for the treatment of fibroids and adenomyosis. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 167 patients who underwent USgHIFU for uterine fibroids and adenomyosis between July 2018 and December 2020. Relevant demographic data and pre- and post-intervention fibroid volume, symptom severity scores (SSS), and health-related quality of life (QOL) scores were collected and compared. The paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the difference before and after treatment. P < 0.001 was considered statistically significant. Results: One hundred and sixty-seven patients with fibroids or adenomyosis were included in this study. The mean age of the cohort was 42-year-old. USgHIFU treatment led to a reduction in mean fibroid volume, improvement in SSS, and health-related QOL scores. The average reduction in mean fibroid volume was 68% and 75% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. There was a significant reduction in SSS (46.9 [pre] vs. 15.6 [post], P < 0.001) and improvement in health-related QOL scores at 6 months (58 [pre] vs. 86 [post], P < 0.001). The re-intervention rate following USgHIFU was 7.7% and successful pregnancy post USgHIFU was reported in 6 patients. Conclusion: USgHIFU is safe and effective. In women who desire fertility or are not suitable for surgery, it is a good alternative option. It should be included in the armamentarium for the treatment of uterine fibroids and adenomyosis.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the potential risk factors for abscess development in patients with endometrioma who present with an acute abdomen. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 51 patients who underwent emergency surgery for acute abdomen involving an endometrioma at our hospital between April 2011 and August 2021. The patients were divided into an infected group (n = 22) and a control group (n = 29). We analyzed patient characteristics; imaging findings; clinical data, including bacterial cultures; and perioperative outcomes to assess for differences between groups. Results: Patients in the infected group were significantly older than those in the control group (P = 0.03). They were more likely to have a history of endometriosis surgery (P = 0.04) and more likely to have undergone transvaginal manipulation within 3 months of presentation (P = 0.01). Body temperature on the day of admission was significantly higher in the infected group (P = 0.007), as were C-reactive protein levels on the day of admission and before surgery (P < 0.001; P = 0.018) and the white blood cell count on the day of admission (P = 0.016). Preoperative imaging showed significant thickening of the tumor wall (P < 0.001) and an enhanced contrast effect (P < 0.001) in the infected group. Conclusion: We identified several factors that suggest abscess in patients with an acute abdomen who have a complication of pathologically confirmed endometriosis. A recent vaginal procedure is a particular risk factor for abscess development in patients with endometriomas.

Objectives: Although atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) is considered a precancerous disease, the frequency with which AEH and endometrial cancer (EC) coexist is not low. Broadly, total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) is performed for treating AEH; however, it is unclear what perioperative precautions need to be taken. This study aimed to clarify the points to be considered when performing TLH for AEH. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively identified 57 patients who underwent TLH for AEH in our hospitals. We extracted data on clinical characteristics, preoperative examinations (endometrial sampling and diagnostic imaging), surgical procedures, and final pathological diagnoses. Then, we statistically analyzed the difference in clinicopathological features and preoperative examinations between patients postoperatively diagnosed with EC and those diagnosed with AEH. Results: Twenty patients (35%) who underwent TLH for AEH were diagnosed with EC postoperatively (16 [28%] with stage IA EC and four [7.0%] with stage IB EC). We found no significant differences in clinical characteristics and preoperative evaluations between patients postoperatively diagnosed with EC and those diagnosed with AEH. The group with stage IB EC had a significantly higher median age and a significantly higher proportion of postmenopausal patients and patients with adenomyosis. Conclusion: It is important to recognize the risk of coexisting EC when performing TLH for AEH. High-precision endometrial sampling and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging are recommended for diagnosing AEH. In addition, surgical procedures for AEH are required to prevent cancer spillage in consideration of its coexistence, such as tubal sealing before manipulator insertion or avoiding using manipulator.

Objective: The present study was performed to determine the risk of recurrent pelvic organ prolapse (POP) within 2 years after laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC) in patients with uterovaginal prolapse. Materials and Methods: A retrospective comparative study was performed in a population of 204 patients over a 2-year follow-up period following LSC with concomitant supracervical hysterectomy or uterine preservation at a single urological clinic between 2015 and 2019. The primary outcome was surgical failure following LSC in cases of POP, focusing on failures occurring before the 2^nd year of follow-up. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the odds ratios (ORs) for surgical failure. Results: The primary outcome, surgical failure in cases of POP, occurred 2 years after the initial surgery in 19 of the 204 patients (9.3%) (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.7% – 14.2%). Surgical failure was most common in the anterior compartment (n = 10, 4.9%), and further surgery was performed in seven of the patients with surgical failure (3.4%). The poor primary outcome was predicted by lysis of adhesions (OR, 7.5, 95% CI, 1.6–33.8, P = 0.008) and preoperative POP stage IV (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.1–10.8, P = 0.03) on multivariable logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: The overall rate of surgical failure following LSC in our cohort was 9.3% over the 2-year follow-up period after surgery, and preoperative prolapse stage IV was associated with a higher risk of recurrence.

The patient was a 32-year-old woman, gravida three, para one with one prior cesarean section. She became pregnant spontaneously, but the pregnancy implanted in the isthmus of the right fallopian tube, and therefore, she underwent laparoscopic right salpingectomy. Eight months later, another spontaneous pregnancy occurred. the patient experienced abdominal pain and an ultrasound examination revealed a hematoma around the right cornual region. A wedge-shaped incision was made in the cornual pregnancy using monopolar cauterization, and the myometrium was sutured with a single nodule suture. We report a case of spontaneous cornual pregnancy after ipsilateral salpingectomy for an isthmic pregnancy.

When obstructive lesions from the uterus or ovaries are suspected, patients with hydronephrosis are usually referred to a gynecologist. Here, a case of suspected endometriosis-related hydroureteronephrosis is reported. A 43-year-old woman with hydronephrosis was found to have a left distal periureteral tumor on the computerized tomography scan. Before the operation, the hydroureteronephrosis was suspected caused by the obstruction of ureter, related with ureteral endometriosis; however, the postoperative pathology revealed the diagnosis of retroperitoneal well-differentiated liposarcoma. When female patients have hydronephrosis, gynecologic causes should be considered. Both benign and malignant causes are needed to include when making differential diagnosis. Therefore, robot-assisted surgery is a feasible option because of its lower morbidity rate and more precise dissection of soft tissue than laparotomy in both benign and malignant retroperitoneal tumors.

Minimally invasive gynecologic surgery such as hysteroscopy has a low risk of complications. Infections, however, are more common in the presence of risk factors such as smoking, history of pelvic inflammatory disease, and endometriosis. We report the case of a patient who underwent operative hysteroscopy without immediate complications and was admitted 2 days later to the emergency department in a severe state of septic shock. With multiple organ failures requiring admission to an intensive care unit, the patient died despite extensive antibiotic therapy and vasoactive drugs. Ascending infection can be a potentially fatal complication of hysteroscopy, even in the absence of known risk factors.